Tag: caregiver

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Agitation

Although it has perhaps not received the attention that it deserves, the issue of Agitation is a common symptom in people living with dementia, and it can be one of the most complex and stressful challenges to manage for caregivers. It is estimated that more than half of people living with dementia may experience some degree of agitation at some point during the course of their illness and it is considered to be one of the core features of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.


Agitation can manifest in various ways, including verbal or physical aggression, restlessness, wandering, pacing, gesturing, profanity, and refusal to cooperate with carers, and the effects can have a far-reaching impact on caregivers. It has been linked to accelerated disease progression, functional decline, and decreased quality of life and is also a significant cause of caregiver distress. In severe cases, medication may be required, including antidepressants and anxiolytic drugs, but wherever possible priority should be given to non-pharmacological treatments or interventions, subject of course to professional healthcare advice. No two individuals are identical and clearly what works for one may not work for another but perhaps there are simpler and easier areas that a caregiver can examine first, hopefully without needing recourse to medication. Here are a few suggestions:

Physical discomfort
Perhaps at the top of the list is physical discomfort, caused by, for example, pain, hunger, or thirst; each of these may trigger agitation and consequently caregivers should always be aware of the individual’s basic needs, and try to ensure that they are met promptly. In fact, pain management is particularly important, as people with dementia may not be able to effectively communicate the level of pain that they are experiencing.


Medication
The side effects of medication can also sometimes cause agitation; some medications, such as antipsychotics, can have serious side effects. It probably goes without saying that caregivers should always work closely with relevant
healthcare professionals to manage medications effectively to ensure that they are necessary and appropriate.


Environmental triggers
Agitation may also be triggered or exacerbated by environmental conditions, for example loud noise, very bright lights, “loud,” or very bold colors in rooms, or even unfamiliar surroundings. To minimize this, caregivers should try where possible to create a calm and familiar environment that minimizes noise and other distractions.(See our blog post on Colors and Dementia:https://amindtocare.com/caregiver-tips/are-different-colors-relevant-to-dementia/ )


Broken Routines
It is also true that the use of structured routines, coupled with familiar activities can work to reduce agitation as well as improving the individual’s overall sense of well-being. Allied with this, unmet needs, such as boredom, social isolation, or a lack of any meaningful activities, can also potentially contribute to agitation for someone living with dementia. To try and avoid this, caregivers should identify any particular interests and preferences that the individual they are caring for has, or had prior to contracting the condition, and come up with activities that speak to or resonate with those interests. One example is a gentleman who had been a CPA in his professional life; his son found that activities that involved sorting coins seemed to particularly hold his attention and provide enjoyment for him. It is clear that social engagement can definitely improve the individual’s quality of life and reduce agitation. This was the inspiration behind the development of the A Mind to Care Game & Activity Kit ( https://amindtocare.com/benefits/)


Touch
Although people do behave and react in different ways, it is true that Touch can also be an effective way to reduce agitation in certain individuals living with dementia. A gentle touch, such as hand-holding can have a calming effect and also provide a sense of comfort, security and reassurance, and can alleviate feelings of anxiety, restlessness or agitation. Touch can also provide gentle sensory input and promote a calming effect; activities that involve touch such as providing a soft blanket, or tactile objects, such as fidget boards, can help to engage the senses and help to reduce agitation. It is important of course to approach touch with respect and sensitivity, always obtaining consent and considering individual preferences and comfort levels.


Music
There have been numerous studies that have confirmed the benefits of musical intervention in reducing agitation in people living with dementia. This can be either active, where the individual participates in singing, dancing, or playing a musical instrument, or it can be passive, where they listen to music. There is plenty of evidence that music seems to have a unique ability to evoke emotions and trigger memories; even for people living with advanced dementia, music is able sometimes to tap into deep-rooted emotional responses and stimulate positive feelings, and these emotional connections can help to reduce agitation and anxiety. For a moving example of the power of music take a look at this
YouTube video showing Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett Lady Gaga & Tony Bennett – The Lady Is A Tramp (One Last Time: Live At Radio City Music Hall, NY) HD – YouTube

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Understanding the Benefits of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Dementia Patients

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a non-pharmacological treatment for people living with dementia. It is a structured program that involves engaging in group activities and discussions designed to improve cognitive function, memory, and quality of life for people with dementia. CST is a person-centered therapy that focuses on the individual’s strengths, abilities, and interests. In this blog, we will discuss the benefits of CST for dementia
patients.


Improves Cognitive Function
CST has been shown to be effective in improving cognitive function in people with dementia. The program is designed to stimulate the brain and encourage participants to engage in activities that require cognitive processing, such as memory games, puzzles, and discussions. Research has shown that CST can improve memory, attention, and language skills in people with dementia, which can help them to maintain their independence and improve their quality of life. Reduces Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common among people with dementia. These symptoms include agitation, aggression, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. CST has been shown to reduce the severity of these symptoms, leading to improved well-being and quality of life for people with dementia. The program provides a structured and supportive environment that can help to reduce anxiety and increase socialization among participants.

Increases Socialization and Communication
Socialization and communication are important factors in improving the quality of life for people with dementia. CST provides a structured environment that encourages socialization and communication among participants. Group discussions and activities provide opportunities for participants to interact with each other and engage in meaningful
conversations. This can help to reduce social isolation and improve mood in people with dementia. Supports Caregivers CST is not just beneficial for people with dementia; it can also provide support for caregivers. Caregivers often experience high levels of stress and burnout, which can affect their ability to provide care for their loved ones. CST provides a structured and supportive environment for people with dementia, which can help to reduce the burden on caregivers. In addition, caregivers can participate in the program, which can provide them with a much- needed break and support system.

In conclusion, Cognitive Stimulation Therapy is an effective non-pharmacological treatment for people living with dementia. It provides a structured and supportive environment that encourages socialization, communication, and cognitive stimulation. CST can improve cognitive function, reduce BPSD, and improve quality of life for people with dementia. It can also provide support for caregivers, which can help to reduce stress and burnout. If you are caring for someone with dementia, consider incorporating Cognitive Stimulation Therapy into their care plan.


The A Mind to Care Game & Activity system may be a nice way to start.

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Adaptive Interaction and Nonverbal Communication in
Dementia

Alzheimer's dementia communication cognitive non verbal

Adaptive Interaction is a term that describes a method of communication that can help carers connect with people living with dementia who have lost the ability to communicate verbally. It is not difficult to learn and it can help to provide contact and engagement, even as the dementia advances. A common effect of advancing dementia is that the ability to speak can be gradually diminished, until people retain little or no capacity for verbal communication, relying instead on sounds or movements. Despite this, research has shown that people living with advanced dementia do still retain the desire to communicate. (Ellis & Astell,
2006)

This is important, as often people who have lost the capacity for speech are regarded as being withdrawn and consequently shut off from the world around them. Being able to communicate without speech can reduce social isolation, improve quality of life and allow more opportunities for caregivers to engage with people living with advanced dementia.

Everyone is born with an instinctive desire to connect with other people. We see this instinct in the way a baby will attempt to communicate, perhaps by smiling, crying, opening and closing their tiny hands, or making eye contact and, as adults, we recognize, enjoy and respond to these actions, often encouraging them by imitating the sounds and gestures that the baby is making. By mirroring these actions we enable and encourage the baby to engage in social interaction, even before they are able to speak. This is something that we take for granted but research indicates that it could also be a key skill that could help us to engage with people as they age and lose the ability to communicate verbally. The way we interact with babies may in fact hold the key to how we might communicate with people living with advanced dementia who have lost the capacity to speak.

Viewed through the lens of Adaptive Interaction, seemingly random actions by people living with advanced dementia, such as tapping, crying out, or repetitive bodily movements can be interpreted as potentially communicative, as opposed to random, or even problematic. It may be in fact that by copying, or mirroring the actions, and by paying attention to the mood of the person involved, the carer might find a way to communicate with someone unable to speak. Perhaps more importantly, those individuals with dementia can, once again, experience human connection and engagement with their loved ones.

The key principle of Adaptive Interaction is to view all behavior, such as sounds, movements and facial expressions as a potentially intentional attempt to communicate. This approach is based primarily on carefully looking for and observing such actions, such as sounds, movements, eye contact, gestures, etc, made by the nonverbal partner, and to use these observations to try to develop an understanding of the ways in which the individual may be attempting to communicate.

As these potential attempts to communicate are observed, the observer can then experiment with reflecting back, or imitating (mirroring) these actions, which can then potentially develop into nonverbal conversations. The actions in question can and will vary enormously from person to person. As mentioned above, examples may include tapping on a surface, touching hands, facial expressions, clapping, movement of feet, other bodily movements, smiling, or even crying out..

It is important to understand that Adaptive Interaction is not a panacea that will fit every person and every circumstance. Equally, for it to be beneficial, the carer must genuinely want to connect with the person involved, otherwise it could degenerate into simple mimicry, which would be harmful. There is a lot of research and a lot of literature available on the subject of Adaptive Interaction and, for any carers struggling to communicate with someone who has lost the capacity to speak, it is potentially a valuable skill to investigate and learn. If you need any assistance in connecting with additional information on the subject of Adaptive Interaction, contact us at customerservice@amindtocare.com and we will endeavor to connect you with material that will be helpful.

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How Colors can impact Dementia Care

dementia colors alzheimers

Could it really be true that different colors can actually have an impact on our moods? Interestingly, a lot of research has been done over a number of years on the effect of different colors on the brain and human behavior, and it is increasingly apparent that different colors are interpreted differently by our brains and that they can actually have a subliminal impact on how we feel at any given moment. As a result, it does appear that careful choice and use of color can be helpful in improving quality of care for people living with dementia.


CONTRAST
The use of Contrast in colors can be used to help define objects more clearly, so using a color that contrasts with the immediate background will draw attention to key features. In fact, the use of contrasting colors is very helpful in marking the edges of things; it can draw attention to furniture, or hazards that might cause someone to trip, or even to more easily find the toilet seat in an all-white bathroom.
Extending this principle into other areas, you might differentiate the colors that you choose for pillows, sheets and blankets, or to using dinner plates that are a different color to a tablecloth for example. Other suggestions could include using a contrasting wall color, so that it will be easier for someone to locate switches, sockets and handrails.


RED
There are studies that suggest that the color red can increase brain activity; it can also lead to a perception that a room is warm. Red can additionally increase appetite and encourage eating when featured in plates and cups. It also figures that any dinnerware that is a different color to the food placed on it is helpful to someone living with dementia. Further research indicates that the color red can also promote participation; for example, red shoes might actually encourage someone to enjoy a walk. Oddly though, a Carer might want to avoid wearing red clothes, as the color red can also sometimes be perceived as intimidating


GREEN
The color green is associated with nature, and lighter shades of green can promote relaxation and calm. It is perceived as a restful color and can help to reduce central nervous activity. It can also be perceived as making a room seem larger. Lime green, more specifically, has been shown to be effective for people living with Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia, particularly to give visual clues to the location off doors to bathrooms, or bedrooms. In addition, research has shown that the color green is one of the last colors that we lose the ability to see, so placing a piece of green tape on a cane, or a walker, or other items that people need to use every day, can be very useful. Not surprisingly, green is a good color for Caregivers to wear as it fosters feelings of engagement, relaxation and calm.


PURPLE
Purple is a color that has been shown to stimulate the imagination and also spirituality – purple objects are often perceived as being valuable. This dates back thousands of years as the physical resources needed to create a purple dye was very hard to come by, as purple is uncommon in nature, and was therefore very costly. As a result, only the elite could use purple dye and its associations with royalty and extravagance persist until today. So, it might be a good idea to choose purple as a way to encourage someone to think of an object as desirable.


YELLOW
The color yellow has been shown to increase feelings of happiness; people tend to smile more in yellow rooms, and individuals with dementia tend to stay longer in rooms that are painted yellow.


BLUE
Blue is a color that promotes relaxation; blue rooms can reduce any feelings of confusion and increase concentration. Blue has been shown to be a restful color, with a calming effect. Research shows that using blue in the physical environment can actually lower blood pressure, and that blue rooms are seemingly cooler than rooms painted in shades of red or orange.


WHITE
This may seem like stating the obvious, but white is a difficult color to see. As a result, an all-white room can appear to be circular to someone with dementia – in a white room it might be a good idea to paint an accent wall in a different color or create a colorful focal point somewhere in the room.


BLACK
Also perhaps unsurprisingly, the color black can be associated with fear or sadness. As a result, if you wear black it might make it difficult to communicate with someone who has dementia. A black carpet would also be a poor choice, as it may appear like a large black hole to someone living with the condition. Conversely, a black mat in front of an external door might be a good disincentive.

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Benefits of Activities: Benefits for Caregivers

It is the hope of most folks to be in their own home for as long as possible. Home caregivers (usually family members) make this possible longer for people who suffer from dementia or other neurological or physiological conditions by helping their loved ones adapt to and cope with limitations in ability, mobility, communication and cognition.

The caregiver is constantly working to stabilize or lessen the progression of disorders with exercise, nutrition, activity, hygiene and generally some mix of medicinal schedules. It can be a very hard and often heartbreaking job, yet so many take it on as a labor of love.

Studies have shown that “the health and general well-being” of a family caregiver can have a direct impact on the quality of life and success of therapy for dementia patients in their care.

Additionally, research indicates that dementia patients have higher rates of behavioral symptoms and mortality when cared for by carers who are stressed, use emotion-based coping (e.g., wishing that the disease would go away), or negative communication strategies.

Finding an effective coping mechanism for both the patient and the caregiver are important for all involved, as everyone’s health and well-being are inter-connected and inter-dependent. Happily, there are many resources for the family caregiver to call on to help with the daunting and difficult task of providing home care for their loved one. Understanding the changing needs and communication strategies of their charges is an important factor in successfully managing a home care situation.

One such sources was provided by the Lewy Body Dementia association, found online here, the document helps to set expectations about caring for people with dementia, and also offers a helpful section titled “Care for the Caregiver” that includes common sense suggestions for maintaining personal equilibrium in the face of such demanding and difficult work.

Many other sources for information and helpful resources for the caregiver can be found online, with many different organizations providing helpful resources for home caregiving needs.

If you need help with finding and connecting with useful resources, drop us an email at customerservice@amindtocare.com and we’ll be happy to pass on any information we have available.